Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Circumstances and logical results - Essay Example This paper investigates the circumstances and end results of high pace of separation. The reasons for high separation rate incorporate yet are not restricted to changed sex jobs in marriage and change parents in law though a portion of the impacts of high separation rate incorporate misshaped family framework, single parenthood, and discouragement. Sexual orientation jobs in marriage have changed affected by media and this has caused an expansion in the separation rate. The cleansers, plugs, and motion pictures have instilled the idea in the psyches of the crowd that so as to be present day and fruitful, it is basic that the two individuals in a couple work. The media has particularly positioned accentuation on crafted by ladies. More openings for work have been made for ladies so as to make it simple for them to look for some kind of employment. Thus, ladies have begun giving more consideration toward their vocations and callings than their homes. Before, men worked and accepted the accountability of procuring bread for the family while ladies remained at home and dealt with the youngsters. â€Å"Women feel trapped in the center, troubled by expanded requests from both work and family† (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano 34). An ever increasing number of ladies are surrendering in their battle to find some kind of harmony amon g family and work and are in the long run heading for separate. Prior to 1970, couples expected to legitimize their endeavor to look for separate by demonstrating at any rate one of the accomplices liable of something or being to blame. Reasons that caused separation to appear to be defended according to the law included however were not restricted to remorselessness, relinquishment, inebriation, cheating, and infidelity. Be that as it may, a few states presented the choice of no-shortcoming divorce during the 1950s. Under the changed law, the requirement for couples to demonstrate one of the accomplices being to blame was forestalled. Rather, they could essentially express that their marriage was not working. About all states had permitted no-shortcoming divorce by 1970. Before,

Amazon-Branded Smartphones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amazon-Branded Smartphones - Essay Example Have you found out about OpenSSL or SSL? SSL implies Secure Sockets Layer. It is liable for concealing your data in the event that you signed in on a specific site. It is likewise liable for stowing away administrators’ and webmaster’s qualifications for a specific website. What is OpenSSL at that point? It’s open-source programming. SSL is being executed over the web utilizing OpenSSL. OpenSSL is a part of a broadly utilized program to run a site like Apache and Nginx. Henceforth, countless sites are at high danger of Heartbleed.  Most questions raised by web clients in the event that it is sheltered to change their passwords amidst the large issues. It is prompted that if the site’s administrator doesn't affirm yet that a specific site is as of now safe from Heartbleed, remain quiet, and reset your passwords if it’s effectively sheltered. There is no impact on the off chance that you are going to change your passwords amidst the defenselessness issues and would simply allow programmers to find your new passwords. Is there a way a client can check if the site he joined in is powerless of Heartbleed? Indeed. LastPass is a program and an incredible instrument for checking if a site is secure or contaminated by Heartbleed. It will check the website’s very center on the off chance that it has hints of OpenSSL powerlessness. LastPass, beside checking a site security, it will likewise give a free access to its instrument that will recall all the user’s passwords. LastPass will encode a nd secure passwords. The client will at that point get to his online records utilizing a solitary login secret phrase or passage through LastPass.  The most significant thing that we can do during this unbound occasions is to remain quiet. We can do a great deal of things to ensure our records on the web, however we can possibly do the best reaction to Heartbleed on the off chance that we will remain quiet. Don’t alarm. On the off chance that you are a broker on the web, don't stress, on the grounds that most financial balances don't utilize OpenSSL.

2014-15 College Application Essay Prompts

Essays Students Can Get Started on Before Aug. 1 Open of Common Application As the summer begins to wind down, and the college application season starts up, many colleges and universities across the US have released their essay prompts for the 2014-15 application season, allowing students the opportunity to get a head start. Some applications are already open, including the Universal College Application, which includes member schools like Harvard, Princeton, UChicago, and Johns Hopkins, to name a few. For those who are applying to schools that have prompts and applications readily available, it’s important to get a head start. Here are some of the essays and applications available now, including the 2014-15 Common Application essay prompts. The Common Application Limit of 650 words. Some students have a background or story that is so central to their identity that they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what lessons did you learn? Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. Universal College Application Please write an essay (500 words or fewer) that demonstrates your ability to develop and communicate your thoughts. Some ideas include: a person you admire; a life-changing experience; or your viewpoint on a particular current event. Duke University Engineering: If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (No more than 150 words.) Arts Sciences: If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts Sciences as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (No more than 150 words.) Optional Essays for All Applicants: Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If you'd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences you've had to help us understand you better—perhaps related to a community you belong to, your sexual orientation or gender identity, or your family or cultural background—we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. Duke will learn about your extracurricular involvement through the Activities section of the Common or Universal College Application. If you wish to include a brief resume you may include it here. Georgetown University All Applicants (Short): In the space available discuss the significance to you of the school or summer activity in which you have been most involved. All Applicants: As Georgetown is a diverse community, the Admissions Committee would like to know more about you in your own words. Please submit a brief essay, either personal or creative, which you feel best describes you. Applicants to the McDonough School of Business: Discuss the factors that have inï ¬â€šuenced your interest in studying business Applicants to the Walsh School of Foreign Service: Brieï ¬â€šy discuss a current global issue, indicating why you consider it important and what you suggest should be done to deal with it. Applicants to the School of Nursing and Health Studies: Describe the factors that have inï ¬â€šuenced your interest in studying health care. Please speciï ¬ cally address your intended major (Health Care Management Policy, Human Science, International Health, or Nursing). Applicants to Georgetown College: Please relate your interest in studying at Georgetown University to your goals. How do these thoughts relate to your chosen course of study? (If you are applying to major in the FLL or in a Science, please speciï ¬ cally address those interests.) Stanford University Candidates respond to all three essay topics. (250 word limit for each essay.) Stanford students possess an intellectual vitality. Reflect on an idea or experience that has been important to your intellectual development. Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate—and us—know you better. What matters to you, and why? University of Chicago What's so odd about odd numbers? In French, there is no difference between "conscience" and "consciousness". In Japanese, there is a word that specifically refers to the splittable wooden chopsticks you get at restaurants. The German word â€Å"fremdschà ¤men† encapsulates the feeling you get when you’re embarrassed on behalf of someone else. All of these require explanation in order to properly communicate their meaning, and are, to varying degrees, untranslatable. Choose a word, tell us what it means, and then explain why it cannot (or should not) be translated from its original language. Little pigs, french hens, a family of bears. Blind mice, musketeers, the Fates. Parts of an atom, laws of thought, a guideline for composition. Omne trium perfectum? Create your own group of threes, and describe why and how they fit together. Were pH an expression of personality, what would be your pH and why? (Feel free to respond acidly! Do not be neutral, for that is base!) A neon installation by the artist Jeppe Hein in UChicago’s Charles M. Harper Center asks this question for us: â€Å"Why are you here and not somewhere else?† (There are many potential values of "here", but we already know you're "here" to apply to the University of Chicago; pick any "here" besides that one). In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose a question of your own. If your prompt is original and thoughtful, then you should have little trouble writing a great essay. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. University of Michigan Everyone belongs to many different communities and/or groups defined by (among other things) shared geography, religion, ethnicity, income, cuisine, interest, race, ideology, or intellectual heritage. Choose one of the communities to which you belong, and describe that community and your place within it. (Required for all applicants. Approximately 250 words.) Describe the unique qualities that attract you to the specific undergraduate College or School (including preferred admission and dual degree programs) to which you are applying at the University of Michigan. How would that curriculum support your interests? (Required for all applicants. 500 words maximum.) University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill Choose one prompt and respond in an essay of 400-500 words. Why do you do what you do? You were just invited to speak at the White House. Write your speech. What one thing should all students know before their high school graduation? What concerns you about your world? What do you hope to do to make it better? UNC Professor Barbara Fredrickson – an expert in positive emotions – has defined love as â€Å"micro-moments of connection between people, even strangers.† Tell us about a time when you experienced a â€Å"micro-moment of connection.† What did you learn? University of Pennsylvania The Admissions Committee would like to learn why you are a good fit for your undergraduate school choice (College of Arts and Sciences, School of Nursing, The Wharton School, or Penn Engineering). Please tell us about specific academic, service, and/or research opportunities at the University of Pennsylvania that resonate with your background, interests, and goals. (400-650 words) University of Virginia We are looking for passionate students to join our diverse community of scholars, researchers, and artists. Answer the question that corresponds to the school/program to which you are applying in a half page or roughly 250 words. College of Arts and Sciences - What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way? School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - U.Va. engineers are working to solve problems that affect people around the world, from our long-term water purification project in South Africa to continuing to research more efficient applications of solar power. However, most students start small, by using engineering to make a difference in daily life. If you were given funding for a small engineering project that would make your everyday life better, what would you do? School of Architecture - Describe an instance or place where you have been inspired by architecture or design. School of Nursing - Discuss experiences that led you to choose the School of Nursing. Kinesiology Program - Discuss experiences that led you to choose the kinesiology major. Answer one of the following questions in a half page or roughly 250 words. What’s your favorite word and why? We are a community with quirks, both in language (we’ll welcome you to Grounds, not campus) and in traditions. Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are. Student self-governance, which encourages student investment and initiative, is a hallmark of the U.Va. culture. In her fourth year at U.Va., Laura Nelson was inspired to create Flash Seminars, one-time classes which facilitate high-energy discussion about thought-provoking topics outside of traditional coursework. If you created a Flash Seminar, what idea would you explore and why? While a student at U.Va., Fulbright Scholar Rowan Sprague conducted groundbreaking research aimed at protecting the complex structure of honeybee hives. We know that colonies include bees acting in a diverse range of roles, all equally important to the success of the hive. What role will you play in the U.Va. hive? To tweet or not to tweet? These are just a sample of the essay prompts that are available for students to begin working on now! Didn’t see one you were looking for? Tell us in the comments below and we’ll find it for you!

The End Of The American Revolutionary War - 1595 Words

The end of the American Revolutionary War (1783), started enormous immigration from Europe. The new immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. However, most organized and violent street gangs did not emerge in America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. As immigration continued street gangs emerged in the United States in four regions during different periods of time. These first gangs were mainly comprised of white immigrants from Northern and Western Europe who came to the United States from the time the Revolutionary War ended in 1783 through to approximately 1860. In 1820, a second wave of immigration from other parts of Europe – Italy, Poland and Ireland began to arrive, along with a large Jewish segment. As immigration grew throughout the United States, gangs began to spread throughout the remaining regions of the United States with African-American gangs throughout the South, Hispanic/ Latino gangs from Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Mexico as well other Central and South American countries spread to the West. Asian based gangs also began to emerge throughout the West and the remaining parts of the U.S. Throughout history there is one commonality for the emergence of gangs. Most gangs emerge and develop as each gang tries to establish their identity as well as their desire for money, prosperity and opportunity. They commonly believe they can acquireShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The American Revolutionary War1595 Words   |  7 Pages The end of the American Revolutionary War (1783), started enormous immigration from Europe. The new immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. However, most organized and violent street gangs did not emerge in America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. As immigration continued street gangs emerged in the United States in four regions during different periods of time. These first gangs were mainly comprisedRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris And Indian War876 Words   |  4 Pages] Outline: 1. From one war to another a.) French and Indian War b.) Ended by the Treaty of Paris 2. Revolutionary War a.) Negotiations between Great Britain and America b.) Informal articles of peace 3. Ending of the Revolutionary War a.) Articles of peace b.) Formal agreements between Great Britain and America c.) Treaty of Paris [ The Treaty of Paris, The ending of the Revolutionary War ] In 1763, the treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War between Great Britain andRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War796 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolutionary War was a long hard fought war that lasted about 8 years. Many Countries were involved in the war, such as The United States, France, Great Britain, Spain, and The Dutch Republic. Not all countries actually fought but they provided either side with weapons and supplies to help them have a greater chance of winning the war. More than 70,000 people were killed during the great American Revolutionary War. The Americans were tired of the loyalist British taking advantage ofRead MoreThe American Revolution-Eight Long Years852 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution, also known as the American Revolutionary War and the War of Independence, lasted from 1775 to 1783. It stemmed from growing tensions between England’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government representing England, as well a s cost sharing imposed on English colonies by successive governments in London for debts attributed to former wars (Foner, 2012). The â€Å"cost sharing† encompassed a variety of measures including taxation on goods produced in the colonies,Read MoreEvents and People that Shaped History Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesChoosing such events or people to talk about is no easy task since there are so many that play a key role in how this country was founded, but the three different ones that will be covered in this paper are George Washington, the Revolutionary War, and finally the Civil War. One influential person that helped us found this nation was George Washington, Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Virginia; he was the first President of the United States of America. Being commander-in-chief of the ContinentalRead MoreWhy Is History A Contentious Subject Within Schools Around The World?936 Words   |  4 Pagesrepeat the mistakes of the past. Without history our generation will be the dark about who they are. History need to be taught whether it is good or bad and relevant history need to be told. Early American history that needs to be taught is slavery. New generation needs to know who slaves in American were and how they were treated by their slave’s owners. Slavery is a tough topic and the emotion of those facts evoke are intense. However, people still need to know the hardship the blacks went throughRead MoreCitizen Tom Paine And Freedom Road Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesduring The American Revolutionary War and its after math (1765-83). Freedom Road depicts the conditions of the former African slaves after The Civil War (1861-65) Thomas Paine is a political philosopher and thinker who has strived for the liberation of the Americans and African slaves since the time of American Revolutionary War. He is named as Tom Paine and is the protagonist of the novel Citizen Tom Paine (1943). Thomas Paine is termed as â€Å"The Great Rabble Rouser and Revolutionary† (Mc DonaldRead MoreHow the American Revolution Changed American Society Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages1789 the American Colonies underwent a radical transformation into an independent self governing nation. British debt accumulated from the French and Indian War brought colonists into conflict with the mother country over a variety of social, political and economic issues. However, the outcome of the American Revolution was not a radical departure from America had been prior to 1763 but later, with the introduction of the constitution, developed unto a revolutionary society. At the end of the AmericanRead MoreBattles That Help United States Win Independence from Britian530 Words   |  3 Pagesbasicly a turning point for the american troops this battle helped gain the morale of Washingtons troops and gained the desire to fight on.But this is not the only battle that was necessary to the Revolutionary War,The Battle of Saratoga this battle was, in addition to the others, a great battle as a result of here the American forces stopped to any other further advances from British troops.Finally, The Battle of yorktown this battle not only was the time the american troops were on the brink to winningRead MoreA Comparison Of The American And Vietnam Revolutionary Wars And The Use Of Insergency1500 Words   |  6 Pages H502 HISTORY OF INSURGENCY: A COMPARISON OF THE AMERICAN AND VIETNAM REVOLUTIONARY WARS AND THE USE OF INSERGENCY CW4 Joseph, Stephen E WOSSE: 16-006B 26 September 2016 Table of Contents A Nation for Change 1 A Revolutionary War 1 Liberating a Revolutionary War 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 A Nation for Change No one person wakes in the morning and decides to tackle years of institutional rule without thinking certain doom, discomfort, or in some cases, death. Citizens living during

Advertising Objectives - 1479 Words

Kayla K Redmond December 2, 2014 Advertising Management Prof Dena Hale Advertising Objectives Communication goals A goal of communication is informing target audience and/or consumers about the company’s product features. One communication goal is that the target audience will see the brand and product in the first month of the product launch. The target audience will see this through social media and email blasts sent from the brands’ (Orange) sister companies. Advertising exposure will also be another communication goal because there will be a vast amount of individuals that will immediately be exposed to the ads that will be on the social media sites since the target audience are a part of the generation†¦show more content†¦Orange uPad will use social media as the primary communication medium because the target audience is more likely to be on social media and see an advertisement or read a blog about the product for reviews. There will also be advertisements on television and there will be radio spots that will attract the attention of the target audience. Print media will be in magazines and newspapers that have an already established target audience who are similar to that of Orange’s uPad. Here is an example of a 30 second television spot: 1 Scene Transition Script Fade up from black The commercial will open with the friends sitting on the sofa watching television for 4 seconds 2 Dissolve The black video will last for 1 second Run time sub-total: 5seconds 3 Fade from black The opening scene will be a group of friends sitting on the sofa watching television; looking extremely bored Vocal music playing: low television static. The scene will last for 10 seconds. About 2 seconds into the scene, a text graphic will appear over the commercial saying: â€Å"BORED † The graphic will last about 8 seconds When graphic appears, a voiceover will also occur saying: â€Å"BORED? YOU DON’T HAVE TO BE† Run time sub-total: 15 seconds 4 Zoom to television 10-second scene of a Orange uPad commercial showing on the television Music changes to the most popular song at the moment. Voiceover: â€Å"COME OUT TO ORANGE’S AND GET YOUR LATEST SMARTPHONE AND TABLET COLLABO!† â€Å"YOU DON’T WANT TO BE THEShow MoreRelatedObjectives and Role of Advertising in Communication1849 Words   |  8 Pages1.1.1 Communication and Advertising In general, communication is simply transmitting of ideas, information, messages, experiences etc between two parties i.e. sender and receiver. In terms of marketing, sender will be the firm and receiver will be the target audience. Advertising is any paid form or non personal presentation of messages to the target audience, sponsored by any firm or organization Communication plays a vital role in advertising process. The messages and information to be advertisedRead MoreAn Objective Of Mission Television Advertising Campaign Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesObjective of Campaign The main objective of Mission Television’s advertising campaign will be to effectively complete one mail goal. The number one goal that the company will aim for in this first round of adverting will be to deliver informative advertisements to allow viewers, audience, and fans to learn more about the Mission Television brand, its services, and what the company is all about. This informative advertising will tell potential consumer and others within the marketplace about theRead MoreSales vs Communication School of objective setting in advertising1926 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The sales and communication school of objective setting has created much debate amongst academics and advertising practitioners. This essay aims to critically discuss this debate listing examples of objectives each school wish to achieve and explain how the product life cycle informs objective setting with examples of products at certain stages in the life cycle. Advertising is one part of the promotional mix. A firm can also promote its product or services through public relations, personal sellingRead MoreAdvertising : The Objective Of Advertising2305 Words   |  10 PagesThe objective of advertising is to promote the company. She relies on the culture and values of the organisation in order to create, maintain, and modify its identity to make it attractive or trustworthy to the audience. Businesses must keep on producing effective ads in a competitive environment (competition, economic conjuncture). But first, how can one defines what is clearly an effective commercial? Adverts are evaluated on their abilities to generate a desired consumer response based on meetingRead MoreThe Three Advertising Objectives698 Words   |  3 Pages1. Do you agree with David Oglivy that the primary function of advertising is selling? How does that fit with the three advertising objectives of informing, persuading, and reminding? Advertising represents a significant, often costly, investment of time, energy, and financial resources. Of course, the investor expects a return. The primary function of advertising is certainly selling. If not selling, what? Even when the product or service is a charitable donation, advertisings ultimate goal isRead MoreThe Objective. Advertising Is One Of The Most Important1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe Objective Advertising is one of the most important elements that come under the umbrella of marketing management (Bass et al. 2005). It has the tendency to target the audience in an efficient manner. The main perspective of this assignment is related to media analysis, in which five different commercial advertisements are likely to select, and then analyse them completely from different angles (Gretzel et al. 2000). The researcher will collect the advertisement of the top notch companies inRead More Advertising Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising According to the American Marketing Association, advertising is, ‘any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identifiable sponsor’. Advertising can be a costly promotional tool but, many businesses continue to use it. I have listed the following reasons why a business needs to advertise: * To create awareness, customer interest or desire * To boost sales * To build brand loyalty * To launch a new product * To change customer attitudesRead MoreArm and Hammer788 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Brands Objectives, Positioning Strategy Campaigns †¢ Origin of term †¢ Military Campaigns †¢ Political Campaigns †¢ Advertising Campaigns Origin of term ï‚ § Fr. campagne, It. campagna - open country suited to military maneuvers n Campaign - a series of military operations with a particular objective in a war n Campaign - a series of organized planned actions with a particular purpose, as for electing a candidate Political Campaigns In politics, as in war, you have to pickRead MoreSouthern Rice Advertising Budget Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesSouthern Rice Advertising Budget†¨ In the case of Southern Rice, what particular type(s) of budgeting method would you consider? Why? When introducing a new product, it is imperative to have a marketing plan. The Southern Rice Company has well establish a recognizable brand and built a strong brand equity. â€Å"Good advertising can make a consumer want to try a product, but a repeat sale is typically influenced by the consumer’s product experiences.† (Arens, page 263) Customers are paying extraRead MoreIntroduction Advertising is often referred to as above the line expenditure, a term which is1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Advertising is often referred to as above the line expenditure, a term which is derived from the historical way where advertising expenditure was treated in marketing budgets. Main media expenditure was shown above the line because it represented actual expenditure, as opposed to sales promotion which was shown below the line because much of the cost of such items came from a reduction in revenue, e.g price cuts. Most advertisements run on behalf of a commercial organization will be

Health Care Automation for Developed Countries - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Care Automation for Developed Countries. Answer: Introduction Advances in Artificial intelligence, big data processing and modeling of human behavior have led to development of new generation robots that can perform jobs like humans (Harari, 2017). Though the introduction of AI technology (robots) to replace the nurses and doctors are considered as disruptive (Mardell, 2016), there are many factors that support its introduction. The health care management leaders are of the opinion that robots are superior to humans in many respects such as they can be used 24/7, they commit far lesser number of errors, and their productivity is superior to humans. Due to these advantages, occurrence of adverse events and patient harm can be reduced to a large extent. This article explores the health conditions in Mali, the current challenges in health industry, the current automated practices and the future automation possibilities in health care. Health Care Condition in Mali There are many challenges Mali is facing in the health sector. The socio-economic conditions of its citizens, the prevalent malnutrition, and insufficient hygiene measures in the public and household places contribute to the health issues in the Mali (The World Fact Book, 2017). It is evident from various sources that Malis health and development indicators are far below most of the countries and life expectance is only about 60 years at birth. Most of the population in Mali does not have access to safe drinking water and the government budget for health care is a pittance. International organizations such as WHO, World Bank, etc. are extending support to improve nutrition through the local recipes (Bossuet, 2013), and women entrepreneurs are encouraged to develop the food quality through their domestic products. The health care facilities is very limited in Mali, often the patients do not receive the required medicines on time. Epidemics such as malaria, cholera, tuberculosis, etc. are rampant and most citizens are not protected from these diseases through immunization. Children are exposed to unhygienic conditions and malnutrition is very high in most communities. One of the major causes of patient deaths is due to the unavailability of the qualified doctors and nurses. The automated treatment disease will be a boon to the countries such as Mali, though the initial cost of acquiring the technology is high. The current challenges in Health care in Developed countries The principal responsibility of healthcare professionals and institutions is not only to help the health care users to overcome the diseases but also to prevent harm to the users. Since, most heath interventions are provided in a team situation, he chances of adverse clinical outcomes are higher. There are systems and norms to prevent harm to the patients and most number of people considers the hospitalization as a safe approach (Berwick, 2016). But the human errors sometimes lead to adverse events that bring unnecessary complications to the patients health. Irrespective of the system improvements, unwanted complications arise due to human error. In most countries, unlike the situation in Mali, patient safety is an important policy issue. Until recently, patient harm that happens in the process of providing health intervention was considered as part of health care practice. However, the recent systems have begun to measure and quantify extent of patient harm and the hospital management is held responsible for systemic errors. The burden of patient harm is placed on the total organization and a health care leadership is demanded in most institutions. WHO (2004) defines patient harm as any unintended and unnecessary harm due to health care process. This definition includes the failure to implement indicated medical treatment. Patient harm is often due to a preceding adverse event. A typical adverse event according WHO (2004) may include the following common actions such as medication errors, infections due to use of unhygienic tools, diagnostic errors, improper design of patient support systems, applying wrong procedures during the interventions, etc. The errors in health care process incur heavy cost to patients, the institutions and the communities. OECD (2017) reports that about fifteen percent of expenditure on health care is caused by the failure of safety measures. The experts are of the opinion that the broader economic loss due to patient harm is hidden as the patients capacity and productivity is lost in intangible ways. Health economists estimate the amount of loss due patient harm in trillions of dollars. Jackson (2009) reports an interesting statistics that every adult in United States is likely to be a victim of diagnostic error at least once in his or her life time. The annual per capita cost of patient harm may be around $3000 and the most adverse events are due to infections from health care process, pressure ulcers, wrong diagnosis and medication errors. The way out to prevent the unwanted cost It is universally agreed that the basis of improving patient safety rests on the moral and ethical inclination of the health care providers. Patient harm loads the user, his or her family, and the community with unimaginable implications, hence maximizing a patients safety is the primary responsibility of the health care institutions. The patient harm manifests its influence on the care costs in different forms such as elongated stay in the hospital, readmission for treatment, extra diagnostic testing, engagement of scarce resources, etc., and places a burden on patients, their families and loved ones, and the community as a whole. The impact of preventable safety errors is considered as significant and is receiving greater attention from institutional leaders, governments, and health care professionals. It is justified now that an investment to prevent the adverse medical events. Better policy and practice, training and skill up gradation, professional certification, etc., alone will not be sufficient to prevent the patient harms, automation technology and its appropriate implementation is required in this front. There are many case studies that indicated that proper automations have resulted in substantial savings to the health care institutions. The need for an automated technology in health care setting is inevitable to meet the demands of the patients and the society. Some current Automation in practice Automation practice in health care system has begun long time ago, and its emphasis is ever growing. Some of the current health care automations are discussed here. One of the successful automation is in the area of maintaining Electronic Health Records (EHR). Maintenance of EHR Krenn Schlossman (2017) report that (EHRs) have advantages in health care industry, especially in preventive medicine, communication between user and care professional, and in managing drug interactions. Patients too are benefitted by the EHR, as it helps them to review their treatment history and know their current status of health. Often the EHRs are maintained in central data base or in a cloud which allows the doctors and patients to access their records. All diagnostic test results are readily available to the physicians as and when the patient is examined. The immediate availability of test reports and critical data regarding a patient makes a doctor focus on the diagnostic and treatment issues leading to lesser patient harm. Also, the automated technology to enter patient data into the EHRs avoids the possibility of human error and thus reduces the chances for patient harm. The physicians and care professionals are not required to enter redundant data which frees up their time for better patient care. The HER management system helps the institutions to manage their clients appropriately and avoid the loss of revenue through unbilled services, wrong value entry, etc. Automated Drug Management System (ADMS) The economic and clinical effects of adverse drug events are a source of great loss to the patients, hospital administrators and the patients families. Hence, it is a potent influencer that prompts the hospital administrators to look for ways to improve patient safety. One of the important areas where automation is implemented is in the pharmacy section. Though the pharmacy automation is challenging and painful to implement, the benefits of a robust pharmacy system outweighs he risks. Aldosari (2017), reports that the automation in drug administration within a hospital has several benefits. First, increased patient safety is achieved due to reduction in errors due to human error. Second is improvement in compliance of drug related records; third, lower cost of managing pharmacy as it helps to dispose expired drugs and in managing inventory efficiently. The pharmacist can locate the drug easily and meet the time critical orders from the hospital. Finally, an automated pharmacy helps the health institution to manage the medication process in a holistic way. Next Step: Replacing nurses and doctors with Robots is disruptive or systematizing the health care? Though, the current automation practices have helped the care institutions to reduce the patient harm to a large extent, the technology is progressing to provide automatic diagnostic procedures and treatment interventions without a doctor. Stark (2017) has reported that personal healthcare robots may be introduced soon to replace some of the functions of a nurse. The robots having artificial intelligence may perform the job of a domestic nurse, such as reminding a patient take medication at prescribed time, coach patients to deal withchronic issues and communicate / report to healthcare professionals about the patient behavior and health progress Another situation that encourages the use of robots in hospitals is lack of specialists or senior doctor to examine the out patients and recommend treatment for them. Arif, Ahmad, Bakar, Ihtisham, Winberg, 2017) suggests that tele-presence may be used to in situation of absence of a doctor. Tele-presence is a set of technology that allows a person to be present in many parts of the world through teleconferencing and visual and auditory sensing robots. The robots are sensitive to the patients and will report to the distant doctors about the patient behavior and symptoms accurately. Medical errors are minimized and the doctor has the option of reviewing a patients behavior multiple times as the robot maintains a video of the patients critical behaviors. The specialist doctor can be present in any part of the world at any time within few minutes. The tele-robots located in many places help the system to be more economical, timely attention, and enhance the quality of medical care with least chance of patient harm. Conclusion Since the automation through robots considerably reduces the chances of patient harm, most hospitals are inclined to employ health care robots in their institutions. Many governments are in favor of automation in health care sector and are even thinking of replacing doctors and nurses in some jobs (Mardell, 2016). Especially country like Mali can avail the services of a specialist doctor from developed countries through the robotic assistance. References Aldosari, B. (2017). Patients' safety in the era of EMR/EHR automation Arif, D., Ahmad, A., Bakar, M. A., Ihtisham, M. H., Winberg, S. (2017, April). Cost Effective Solution for Minimization of Medical Errors and Acquisition of Vitals By Using Autonomous Nursing Robot. InProceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Information System and Data Mining(pp. 134-138). ACM. Berwick D (2016). Era 3 for medicine and health care. JAMA. 2016; 315(13):1329-1330 Bossuet, A. P., (2013). Nourishing Communities Through Holistic Farming, Impatient Optimists, Bill and Melinda Foundation. Accessed on 22nd March 2018, at https://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2013/04/Nourishing-Communities-Through-Holistic-Farming#.WrOwfh1ubcc Harari, Y. N. (2017). Reboot for the AI revolution.Nature News,550(7676), 324. Jackson, T. (2009), One dollar in seven: Scoping the Economics of Patient Safety. The Canadian Safety Institute. Krenn, L., Schlossman, D. (2017). Have Electronic Health Records Improved the Quality of Patient Care?.PMR,9(5), S41-S50. Mardell, M. (Dec 2016) The rise of the robots?, BBC. Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38317786, Accessed on 22nd March 2018. OECD (2017). Economics of Patient Safety, OECD, March 2017. Stark, Harold. (2017). Prepare Yourselves, Robots Will Soon Replace Doctors In Healthcare, The Forbes, Tech# Change the world, July 10th 2017. Accessed on 22nd March at https://www.forbes.com/sites/haroldstark/2017/07/10/prepare-yourselves-robots-will-soon-replace-doctors-in-healthcare/#3667c6cd52b5 The World Fact Book, (2017). Country comparison, Mali. Accessed on 22nd March 2018, Available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html World Health Organization (2004). World alliance for patient safety. Geneva: WHO

Religion Essays - Jerusalem District, Jerusalem Governorate

Religion People may have different views about a belief or religion, but often both sides see a place of importance to them in the same way. Jerusalem has a religious importance for three religions. For Christians, the city is the site of many of the events in the life of Jesus Christ. For Jews, Jerusalem is the focus of their religious longing, the site of their ancient Temple, and their historical capital. For Muslims the city is their third holiest as the site from which Muhammad is said to have risen to heaven, and the site of important mosques. As a pilgrimage for three world religions Jerusalem is considered to be the holy city. The importance of Jerusalem to Jews stretches back about five thousand years. About 2500 B.C.E., the Canaanites inhabited the city, later Jerusalem became a Jebusite citadel. When David captured the city in 1000 B.C.E., the Jebusites were absorbed into the Jewish people. David made Jerusalem the capital of his kingdom, and Solomon built the first Temple to house the Ark of the Covenant. ( Elon, 1989, p.89) Because of David making Jerusalem the capital of their kingdom and Solomon building the first Temple located in Jerusalem, which is important to Jews because it housed the Ark of the Covenant which Jews see as important to them because it is a symbol of their freedom from slavery and the Covenant God made with Moses, and allowed Jews to establish their promised land. Jerusalem is considered by Jews as their holiest city. In 586 B.C.E., the Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylonia. Fifty years later in 537 B.C.E! ., Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylonia and permitted the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their Temple. ( Safdie, 1990, p.107) Jerusalem is the holiest city for Jews because their Temple, their place of worship was placed here until it was destroyed. Again when they were allowed to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem they obviously had a religious attachment to this city and that is why today it remains a holy pilgrimage for Jews. Persia held Jerusalem until 333 B.C.E., when Alexander the Great added Palestine to his empire. About 198 B.C.E, king Antiochus III conquered Judea of which Jerusalem was a part, making it a tributary to Syria. The Jews later revolted under the leadership of Maccabees and defeated the Syrians. The Temple was reconverted in 165 B.C.E., and the Maccabean dynasty ruled until Rome took the city in 63 B.C.E. The Romans set up a local dynasty, the house of Herod, to rule most of Palestine. Herod the Great rebuilt much of Jerusalem, including the Temple. While suppressing a major Jewish revolt, the Romans destroyed the second Temple in 70 C.E. In 135 C.E., after the failure of! the Bar Kochba revolt, Jews were banished from Jerusalem. ( Thubron, 1987, p.45) Bar Kochba, also known as Simeon ben Koseva was the leader of the Jewish rebellion against Rome to regain their holy city, Jerusalem. After a lengthy and heroic defence, the rebellion failed, fifty fortresses and a thousand villages were destroyed. The Jews fought hard to get back control of this city which must be of great importance to them or they would not put up such a fight. It was during the period of David's kingship that the city of Jerusalem became the centre of Israelite government and religion. Until David's reign, Jerusalem was held by the Jebusites, a people from Canaan. Over time, especially as the monarchy declined, Jerusalem became the symbol of God's promise to Israel and the centre for Israel's hope for the future. ( Peters, 1987, p. 135) This shows how important the city of Jerusalem is to the Jewish religion and to their existence. The importance of Jerusalem to the religion of Judaism is quite evident, in addition to Judaism! , Christianity also sees Jerusalem as a holy pilgrimage for their religion. Jerusalem for Christians is the site of many of the events in the life of Jesus Christ, who is the Messiah for the Christian religion. From the early fourth century, when Christianity became legal in the Roman empire, Jerusalem developed as a centre of Christian pilgrimage. ( Bahat, 1989, p.230) When Christianity was recognized as a legitimate religion by the Romans, Christians built churches and Christian shrines in Jerusalem. Jerusalem to Christians is where the first Christian community was formed. More importantly this is where Jesus